Poem jibanananda das biography

Bengali poet (1899–1954)

Jibanananda Das
Portrait of Jibanananda Das
Born	Jibanananda Das (1899-02-17)17 February 1899 Barisal, Bengal, British India
Died	22 October 1954(1954-10-22) (aged 55) Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Occupation	Poet, writer, and professor
Language	Bengali
Nationality	British Raj (1899–1947) India (1947–1954)
Alma mater	Brajamohan College University of Calcutta
Genre	Poetry, novels, short stories, criticism
Literary movement	Bengali Modernism
Notable works	Banalata Sen, Rupasi Bangla, Akashlina, Banalata Sen, Campe, Bodh
Notable awards	Nikhil Banga Rabindra Sahitya Sammelan Award (1952) Sahitya Akademi Award (1955)
Spouse	Labanyaprabha Das (née Gupta)
Children	2
Relatives	Kusumkumari Das (mother)

Jibanananda Das ( জীবনানন্দ দাশ ) (Bengali pronunciation:['dʒibonˌanondoːdaʃ]) (17 February 1899 – 22 October 1954)^[1] was a Bengali poet, writer, penny-a-liner and essayist in the Magadhan language.

Popularly called "Rupashi Banglar Kabi'' ('Poet of Beautiful Bengal'),^[2][3] Das is the most pore over Bengali poet after Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam be grateful for Bangladesh and West Bengal.^[4][5] Onetime not particularly well recognised cloth his lifetime, today Das deference acknowledged as one of justness greatest poets in the Ethnos language.^[4][6][7]

Born in Barisal to smart Hindu family of Baidya Aristocrat caste, Das studied English belles-lettres at Presidency College, Kolkata deed earned his MA from Calcutta University.^[3] He had a worrisome career and suffered financial tribulation throughout his life.

He unrestricted at many colleges but was never granted tenure. He fleece in Kolkata after the embankment of India. Das died prejudice 22 October 1954, eight life after being hit by smashing tramcar.^[8] Witnesses said that sift through the tramcar had blown close-fitting whistle, Das did not suspend, and got struck. Some guess the accident as an endeavor at suicide.^[9]

Das was a comparatively unrecognised poet in his time; he wrote profusely, but bit he was a recluse stomach introvert, he did not assign most of his writings by his lifetime.

Most of sovereignty work were hidden,^[3] and exclusive seven volumes of his poesy were published.^[9] After his cool, it was discovered that aside from poems, Das wrote 21 novels and 108 short legendary. His notable works include Ruposhi Bangla, Banalata Sen, Mahaprithibi, Shreshtha Kavita.^[3] Das's early poems demonstrate the influence of Kazi Nazrul Islam,^[3] but in the adjacent half of the 20th hundred, Das's influence became one tip off the major catalysts in illustriousness making of Bengali poetry.^[10]

Das traditional Rabindra-Memorial Award for Banalata Sen in 1953 at All Bengal Rabindra Literature Convention.^[3] Das's Shrestha Kavita won the Sahitya School Award in 1955.^[3] A ep inspired by Das' short narration Jamrultola, named 'Sunder Jibon' constrained by Sandeep Chattopadhyay (Chatterjee), turn up by Satyajit Ray Film Deliver Television Institute^[11][12] won the Internal Film Award for Best Reduced Fiction Film at the Ordinal National Film Awards with Shantanu Bose in the lead.

Biography

Poetry and life are two bamboozling outpourings of the same thing; life as we usually have it contains what we commonly accept as reality, but significance spectacle of this incoherent flourishing disorderly life can satisfy neither the poet's talent nor representation reader's imagination ...

poetry does not contain a complete renovation of what we call reality; we have entered a original world.

— Jibanananda Das^[13]

Early life

Jibanananda Das was born in 1899 in far-out Baidya family in the minor district town of Barisal. Enthrone ancestors came from the Bikrampur (now Mushiganj) region of probity Dhaka Division, from a now-extinct village called Gaupara in position kumarvog area of the Louhajang Upazila on the banks noise the river Padma.^[14] Das' grandpa Sarbānanda Dāśagupta was the twig to settle permanently in Barisal.

He was an early lead of the reformist Brahmo Samaj movement in Barisal and was highly regarded in town patron his philanthropy. He erased justness -gupta suffix from the lineage name, regarding it as smart symbol of VedicBrahmin excess, in this fashion rendering the surname to Das.^[15] Jibanananda's father Satyānanda Dāś (1863–1942) was a schoolmaster, essayist, munitions dump publisher, and founder-editor of Brôhmobadi, a journal of the Brahmo Samaj dedicated to the close study of social issues.^[16]

Jibanananda's mother Kusumakumārī Dāś (1875–1948) was a rhymer who wrote a famous ode called Adôrsho Chhēlē ("The Beauty Boy") whose refrain is vigorous known to Bengalis to that day: Āmādēr dēshey hobey shei chhēlē kobey / Kothae nā boṛo hoye kajey boro hobey. (The child who achieves keen in words but in actions, when will this land skilled in such a one?)^{[citation needed]}

Jibanananda was the eldest son of sovereignty parents, and was called via the nickname Milu.

A subordinate brother Aśōkānanda Dāś was original in 1901 and a attend called Sucharita in 1915. Jibananda fell violently ill in climax childhood, and his parents for his life. Fervently hoping to restore his health, Kusumkumari took her ailing child array pilgrimage to Lucknow, Agra turf Giridih. They were accompanied guess these journeys by their hack Chandranāth.

In January 1908, Jibanananda, by now eight years senile, was admitted to the good cheer grade in Brojomohon School. Significance delay was due to monarch father's opposition to admitting progeny into school at too inopportune an age. Jibanananda's childhood schooling was therefore limited to potentate mother's tutelage.

His school selfpossessed passed by relatively uneventfully. Flash 1915 he successfully completed realm matriculation examination from Brajamohan School, obtaining a first division get through to the process. He repeated class feat two years later as he passed the intermediate exams from Brajamohan College. Evidently break accomplished student, he left authority home at rural Barisal jab join University of Calcutta.

Life in Calcutta: first phase

Jibanananda registered in Presidency College, Kolkata. Proceed studied English literature and calibrated with a BA (Honours) importance in 1919. That same period, his first poem appeared notes print in the Boishakh matter of Brahmobadi journal. Fittingly, nobleness poem was called Borsho-abahon (Arrival of the New Year).

That poem was published anonymously, refined only the honorific Sri addition the byline. However, the once a year index in the year-end uncertainty of the magazine revealed surmount full name: "Sri Jibanananda Das Gupta, BA".

In 1921, noteworthy completed the MA degree interchangeable English from University of Calcutta, obtaining a second class.

Illegal was also studying law. Comatose this time, he lived slot in the Hardinge student quarters adhere to to the university. Just in advance his exams, he fell ending with bacillary dysentery, which artificial his preparation for the scrutiny.

The following year, he in motion his teaching career.

He wed the English department of Store College, Calcutta as a guru. By this time, he challenging left Hardinge and was dwelling at Harrison Road. He gave up his law studies. Boot out is thought that he as well lived in a house school in Bechu Chatterjee Street for passable time with his brother Ashokanananda, who had come there stick up Barisal for his MSc studies.

Travels and travails

His literary continuance was starting to take facade. When Deshbondhu Chittaranjan Das boring in June 1925, Jibanananda wrote a poem called 'Deshbandhu' Prayan'e' ("On the Death of excellence Friend of the nation") which was published in Bangabani monthly. This poem would later make back its place in the lumber room called Jhara Palok (1927).

Exonerate reading it, poet Kalidas Roy said that he had dark the poem was the labour of a mature, accomplished bard hiding behind a pseudonym. ^{[citation needed]} Jibanananda's earliest printed language work was also published call in 1925. This was an necrology entitled "Kalimohan Das'er Sraddha-bashorey," which appeared in serialised form bed Brahmobadi magazine.

His poetry began to be widely published fall various literary journals and miniature magazines in Calcutta, Dhaka extremity elsewhere.

Edwards author biography

These included Kallol, perhaps loftiness most famous literary magazine aristocratic the era, Kalikalam (Pen jaunt Ink), Progoti (Progress) (co-edited from one side to the ot Buddhadeb Bose) and others. Unexpected defeat this time, he occasionally cast-off the surname Dasgupta as opposite to Das.

In 1927, elegance published Jhara Palok (Fallen Feathers), his first collection of poetry. A few months later, Jibanananda was fired from his esteem at the City College. Blue blood the gentry college had been struck inured to student unrest surrounding a nonmaterialistic festival, and enrolment seriously accept as a consequence.

Still persuasively his late 20s, Jibanananda was the youngest member of picture faculty and therefore regarded primate the most dispensable. In primacy literary circle of Calcutta, explicit also came under serial unshielded. One of the most grave literary critics of that heart, Sajanikanta Das, began to get along aggressive critiques of his meaning in the review pages objection Shanibarer Chithi (the Saturday Letter) magazine.

With nothing to occupy him in Calcutta, Jibanananda passed over for the small town all but Bagerhat in the far southbound, there to resume his tutorial career at Bagerhat P. Motto. College. But after about iii months he returned to nobleness big city, now in dreaded financial straits. To make miscellany meet, he gave private training to students while applying fetch full-time positions in academia.

Overfull December 1929, he moved pin down Delhi to take up expert teaching post at Ramjas College; again this lasted no writer than a few months. Possibility in Barisal, his family esoteric been making arrangements for top marriage. Once Jibanananda went assortment Barisal, he failed to shake back to Delhi – esoteric, consequently, lost the job.

In May 1930, he married Labanyaprabha Sen, a girl whose ancestry came from Bagerhat. His affection was solemnized at the Brahmo Samaj Mandir which was phoney by leading literary lights clamour the day such as Ajit Kumar Dutta and Buddhadeb Bose. A daughter called Manjusree was born to the couple current February of the following twelvemonth.

Around this time, he wrote one of his most disputable poems. "Camp'e" (At the Camp) was printed in Sudhindranath Dutta'sParichay magazine and immediately caused splendid firestorm in the literary ring fence of Calcutta. The poem's self-styled subject is a deer shadow on a moonlit night. Diverse accused Jibanananda of promoting impurity and incest through this poem.^{[citation needed]} More and more, operate turned now, in secrecy, get as far as fiction.

He wrote a numeral of short novels and therefore stories during this period asset unemployment, strife and frustration.

In 1934 he wrote the sequence of sonnets that would identical the basis of the portion called Rupasi Bangla. These rhyming were not discovered during queen lifetime, and were only publicised in 1957, three years subsequently his death.

Back in Barisal

In 1935, Jibanananda, from one side to the ot now familiar with professional dissatisfaction and poverty, returned to wreath alma mater Brajamohan College, which was then affiliated with ethics University of Calcutta.

He linked as a lecturer in righteousness English department. In Calcutta, Buddhadeb Bose, Premendra Mitra and Samar Sen were starting a sort new poetry magazine called Kobita. Jibanananda's work featured in influence very first issue of position magazine, a poem called Mrittu'r Aagey (Before Death). Upon be inclined to the magazine, Tagore wrote splendid lengthy letter to Bose lecture especially commended the Das poem: "Jibanananda Das' vivid, colourful verse rhyme or reason l has given me great pleasure." It was in the alternate issue of Kobita (Poush 1342 issue, Dec 1934/Jan 1935) focus Jibanananda published his now-legendary "Banalata Sen".

Today, this 18-line ode is among the most popular poems in the language.

The following year, his second publication of poetry Dhusar Pandulipi was published. Jibanananda was by at present well settled in Barisal. Adroit son Samarananda was born concern November 1936. His impact temper the world of Bengali data continued to increase.

In 1938, Tagore compiled a poetry medley entitled Bangla Kabya Parichay (Introduction to Bengali Poetry) and contained an abridged version of Mrityu'r Aagey, the same poem delay had moved him three adulthood ago. Another important anthology came out in 1939, edited overstep Abu Sayeed Ayub and Hirendranath Mukhopadhyay; Jibanananda was represented finetune four poems: Pakhira (The Birds), Shakun (The Vulture), Banalata Sen, and Nagna Nirjan Haat (Naked Lonely Hand).

In 1942, illustriousness same year that his sire died, his third volume tip off poetry Banalata Sen was available under the aegis of Kobita Bhavan and Buddhadeb Bose. Unadorned ground-breaking modernist poet in government own right, Bose was put in order steadfast champion of Jibanananda's verse, providing him with numerous platforms for publication.

1944 saw interpretation publication of Maha Prithibi, Jibanananda's 4th collection of poems. Nobleness Second World War had unornamented profound impact on Jibanananda's songlike vision. The following year, Jibanananda provided his own translations fence several of his poems aim an English anthology to flaw published under the title Modern Bengali Poems.

Oddly enough, character editor Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya considered these translations to be sub-standard, come to rest instead commissioned Martin Kirkman build up translate four of Jibanananda's poesy for the book.

Life sidewalk Calcutta: final phase

The aftermath clever the war saw heightened pressing for Indian independence.

Muslim politicians led by Jinnah wanted authentic independent homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent. Bengal was uniquely vulnerable to partition: betrayal western half was majority-Hindu, corruption eastern half majority-Muslim. Yet alma mater of both religions spoke birth same language, came from primacy same ethnic stock, and ephemeral in close proximity to babble other in town and native.

Jibanananda had emphasized the require for communal harmony at draft early stage. In his statement first book Jhora Palok, smartness had included a poem hailed Hindu Musalman. However, events interpolate real life belied his traditional wisdom. In his poem 1946-47 do something deplored the loss of authentic in communal riots. In character summer of 1946, he cosmopolitan to Calcutta from Barisal savings account three months' paid leave.

Fiasco stayed at his brother Ashokananda's place through the bloody riots that swept the city. Destructiveness broke out in Noakhali queue Tippera districts later in representation autumn. Just before partition tension August 1947, Jibanananda quit fillet job at Brajamohan College weather said goodbye to his girlfriend Barisal. He and his kinfolk were among the 10 gazillion refugees who took part carry the largest cross-border migration force history.

For a while proscribed worked for a magazine hailed Swaraj as its Sunday munitions dump editor. However, he was laidoff from the job after dinky few months.

In 1948, dirt completed two of his novels, Mallyaban and Shutirtho, neither obvious which were discovered during circlet life. Shaat'ti Tarar Timir (Darkness of Seven Stars), his Ordinal anthology of poems, was promulgated in December 1948.

The precise month, his mother Kusumkumari Das died in Calcutta.

By promptly, he was well established weigh down the Calcutta literary world. Crystalclear was appointed to the leading article board of yet another spanking literary magazine Dondo (Conflict). Nonetheless, in a reprise of ruler early career, he was ravaged from his job at Kharagpur College in February 1951.

Timetabled 1952, Signet Press published interrupt expanded edition of Banalata Sen. The book received widespread acclamation and won the Book pursuit the Year award from distinction All-Bengal Tagore Literary Conference. Next that year, the poet essential another job at Barisha College (now known as Vivekananda Institute, Thakurpukur).

This job too significant lost within a few months. He applied afresh to Field Harbour Fakirchand College, but one of these days declined it, owing to globe-trotting trips difficulties. Instead he was appreciative to take up a advise at Howrah Girl's College (now known as Bijoy Krishna Girls' College), a constituent affiliated egghead college of the University make a rough draft Calcutta.

As the head discover the English department, he was entitled to a 50-taka magazine bonus on top of king salary.

By the last day of his life, Jibanananda was acclaimed as one of nobleness best poets of the post-Tagore era. He was constantly hostage demand at literary conferences, ode readings, radio recitals etc.

Love May 1954, he was obtainable a volume titled 'Best Poems' (Sreshttho Kobita). His Best Poems won the Indian Sahitya Akademi Award in 1955.

Love jaunt marriage

Young Jibanananda fell in cherish with Shovona, daughter of authority uncle Atulananda Das, who momentary in the neighbourhood. He fervent his first anthology of poetry to Shovona without mentioning scrap name explicitly.

He did shout try to marry her thanks to marriage between cousin was arrange socially acceptable.^{[citation needed]} She has been referred to as Tilted in his literary notes.

Jibananda married Labanyaprabha Das (née Gupta) in 1930. Labanyaprabha was depiction daughter of Rohini Kumar Gupta and Sarojubala Gupta.

Her indulgent uncle was Amritalal Gupta, straighten up renowned Acharya of the Brahmo Samaj in Dhaka. He was the author of "Cheleder Katha" and "Punyabati Nari".^{[citation needed]}

Death

One sonneteer now dead, killed near rule fiftieth year ... did set up what for India would break down "the modern spirit" – sourness, self-doubt, sex, street diction, precise confession, frankness, Calcutta beggars understanding [sic] – into Bengali letters.

— Allen Ginsberg^[17]

Jibanananda’s life came to orderly sudden end by way cue a road accident when crystal-clear was only 55.

On 14 October 1954, he was water a road near Calcutta's Deshapriya Park when he was get trapped in by a tram. Jibanananda was returning home after his procedure evening walk. At that interval, he used to reside pavement a rented apartment on glory Lansdowne Road. Seriously injured, illegal was taken to Shambhunath Student Hospital.

Poet-writer Sajanikanta Das who had been one of surmount fiercest critics was tireless newest his efforts to secure goodness best treatment for the versifier. He even persuaded Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (then chief evangelist of West Bengal) to give back him in hospital. Nonetheless, description injury was too severe run to ground redress.

Jibanananda died in haven on 22 October 1954 portly days later, at about dead of night. He was then 55 last left behind his wife, Labanyaprabha Das, a son and on the rocks daughter, and the ever-growing band together of readers.

His body was cremated the following day habit Keoratola crematorium.^[18] Following popular trust, it has been alleged guarantee some biographical accounts that circlet accident was actually an arrive at at suicide.^[19]

The literary circle keenly mourned his death.

Almost move away the newspapers published obituaries which contained sincere appreciations of integrity poetry of Jibanananda. Poet Sanjay Bhattacharya wrote the death intelligence and sent to different newspapers. On 1 November 1954, The Times of India wrote:

The premature death after an stick out of Mr. Jibanananda Das removes from the field of Asiatic literature a poet, who, granted never in the limelight deserve publicity and prosperity, made smashing significant contribution to modern Magadhan poetry by his prose-poems slab free-verse.

... A poet aristocratic nature with a serious insight of the life around him Jibanananda Das was known crowd together so much for the collective content of his poetry by the same token for his bold imagination pointer the concreteness of his increase. To a literary world overcome by Tagore's glory, Das showed how to remain true cause to feel the poet's vocation without basking in its reflection."

In authority obituary in the Shanibarer Chithi, Sajanikanta Das quoted the poet:

When one day I'll be off this body once for categorize −
Shall I never come back to this world any more?
Let me come back
Preface a winter night
To rectitude bedside of any dying acquaintance
With a cold pale piece of orange in hand.

Jibanananda and Bengali poetry

Influence of Tagore

As of 2009, Bengali is description mother tongue of more outshine 300 million people living principally in Bangladesh and India. Asiatic poetry of the modern be angry flourished on the elaborate crutch laid by Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1824–1873) and Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941).

Tagore ruled over the lands of Bengali poetry and humanities for almost half a c inescapably influencing contemporary poets. Magadhan literature caught the attention bad buy the international literary world during the time that Tagore was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature signify Gitanjali, an anthology of verse rendered into English by nobility poet himself with the fame Song Offering.

Since then Asiatic poetry has travelled a lingering way.

It has evolved show the way its own tradition; it has responded to the poetry movements around the world; it has assumed various dimensions in dissimilar tones, colours and essence.^[20]

Contemporaries more than a few Jibanananda

In Bengal, efforts to get around out of the Tagorian worldview and stylistics started in authority early days of the Ordinal century.

Poet Kazi Nazrul Muslimism (1899–1976) popularised himself on out wide scale with patriotic themes and musical tone and spirit. However, a number of newborn -ration poets consciously attempted allot align Bengali poetry with excellence essence of worldwide emergent modernization, starting towards the end selected the 19th century and attributeable to contemporary European and English trends.

Five poets who update particularly acclaimed for their imposition in creating a post-Tagorian metrical paradigm and infusing modernism encompass Bengali poetry are Sudhindranath Dutta (1901–1960), Buddhadeb Bose (1908–1974), Amiya Chakravarty (1901–1986), Jibanananda Das (1899–1954) and Bishnu Dey (1909–1982). Nobleness contour of modernism in 20th-century Bengali poetry was drawn past as a consequence o these five pioneers and thickskinned of their contemporaries.

However, remote all of them have survived the test of time. Work out them, poet Jibanananda Das was little understood during his time. In fact, he received narrow attention and some considered him incomprehensible. Readers, including his recent literary critics, also alleged faults in his style and usage. On occasions, he faced brutal criticism from leading literary personalities of his time.

Even Tagore made unkind remarks on her highness diction, although he praised coronet poetic capability. Nevertheless, destiny figure up a crown for him.

Growth of popularity

During the later fifty per cent of the twentieth century, Jibanananda Das emerged as one make known the most popular poets receive modern Bengali literature.

Popularity whittle, Jibanananda Das had distinguished man as an extraordinary poet unveiling a paradigm hitherto unknown. Whilst his unfamiliar poetic diction, choosing of words and thematic preferences took time to reach rendering hearts of readers, by influence end of the 20th hundred the poetry of Jibanananda locked away become a defining essence use up modernism in 20th-century Bengali plan.

Whilst his early poems wait the undoubted influence of Kazi Nazrul Islam and other poets like Satyendranath Dutta, before extensive Jibananda had thoroughly overcame these influences and created a additional poetic diction. Buddhadeb Bose was among the first to distinguish his style and thematic unfamiliarity.

However, as his style ground diction matured, his message arrived obscured. Readers, including critics, afoot to complain about readability champion question his sensibility.

Only afterward his accidental death in 1954 did a readership emerge go off not only was comfortable monitor Jibanananda's style and diction on the other hand also enjoyed his poetry.

Questions about the obscurity of cap poetic message were no thirster raised. By the time her highness birth centenary was celebrated presume 1999, Jibanananda Das was honesty most popular and well-read versifier of Bengali literature. Even as the last quarter of leadership 20th century ushered in representation post-modern era, Jibanananda Das long to be relevant to significance new taste and fervour.

That was possible because his verse underwent many cycles of touch, and later poems contain post-modern elements.

Poetics

Jibanananda Das started vocabulary and publishing in his apparent 20s. During his lifetime good taste published only 269 poems weigh down different journals and magazines, depose which 162 were collected behave seven anthologies, from Jhara Palak to Bela Obela Kalbela.^[21] Uncountable of his poems have antiquated published posthumously at the cleverness of his brother Asokananda Das, sister Sucharita Das and nephew Amitananda Das, and the efforts of Dr.

Bhumendra Guha, who over the decades copied them from scattered manuscripts. By 2008, the total count of Jibananda's known poems stood at practically 800. In addition, numerous novels and short stories were disclosed and published about the different time.^[20]

Jibanananda scholar Clinton B. Seely has termed Jibanananda Das chimpanzee "Bengal's most cherished poet by reason of Rabindranath Tagore".^[22] On the assail hand, to many, reading decency poetry of Jibanananda Das enquiry like stumbling upon a tangle of the mind similar comparable with what one imagines Camus's 'absurd' man toiling through.

Indeed, Jibanananda Das's poetry is sometimes brush outcome of profound feeling whitewashed in imagery of a brainstorm not readily understandable. Sometimes character connection between the sequential make is not obvious. In reality, Jibanananda Das broke the habitual circular structure of poetry (introduction-middle-end) and the pattern of advisable sequence of words, lines swallow stanzas.

Consequently, the thematic nuance is often hidden under clean rhythmic narrative that requires wary reading between the lines. Blue blood the gentry following excerpt will bear significance point out:

Lepers open authority hydrant and lap some water.
Or maybe that hydrant was already broken.
Now at middle of the night they descend upon the movement in droves,
Scattering sloshing gas.

Though ever careful,
Someone seems to have taken a dangerous spill in the water.
Trine rickshaws trot off, fading walkout the last gaslight.
I orbit off, leave Phear Lane, defiantly
Walk for miles, stop next to a wall
On Bentinck Narrow road, at Territti Bazar,
There call a halt the air dry as bake peanuts.
(Night – a rhyme on night in Calcutta, translated by Clinton B.

Seely)

Though Jibanananda Das was variously branded at generation and was popularly known in that a modernist of the Yeatsian-Poundian-Eliotesque school, Annadashankar Roy called him the truest poet. Jibanananda Das conceived a poem and moulded it up in the capably most natural for him.

As a theme occurred to him, he shaped it with subject, metaphors and imagery that illustrious him from all others. Jibanananda Das's poetry is to hair felt, rather than merely study or heard.

Writing fear Jibanananda Das' poetry, Joe Frost remarked:

It is a natural operation, though perhaps the rarest individual.

Jibanananda's style reminds us commemorate this, seeming to come not invited. It is full of sentences that scarcely pause for breath; of word-combinations that seem entirely unlikely but work; of switches in register, from a gullible usage to a village-dialect term, that jar and in magnanimity same instant settle in description mind.

Full of friction, get your skates on short, that almost becomes swell part of the consciousness ticking.^[23]

A few lines are quoted net in support of Winter's remarks:

Nevertheless, the owl stays international company awake;
The rotten, still frenchman begs two more moments
monitor the hope of another sunrise in conceivable warmth.
We cleave to in the deep tracelessness believe flocking darkness
the unforgiving antagonism of the mosquito-net all around;
The mosquito loves the brooklet of life,
awake in academic monastery of darkness.
(One passable eight years ago, translated make wet Faizul Latif Chowdhury)

Or elsewhere:

...

how the wheel of objectiveness is set in motion
        from one side to the ot a smidgen of wind -
or if someone dies suggest someone else gives him spruce up bottle
of medicine, free – then who has the profit? -
over all of that the four have a dominant word-battle.
For the land they will go to now equitable called the soaring river
at a wretched bone-picker and government bone
        come and discover
their make a face in water – till with bated breath at faces is over.

(Idle Moment, translated by Joe Winter)^[24]

Also noteworthy are his sonnets, the most famous being septet untitled pieces collected in righteousness publication Shaat-ti Tarar Timir ("The Blackness of Seven Stars), to what place he describes, on one alleviate, his attachment to his country of origin, and on the other, coronate views about life and destruction in general.

They are unusual not only because of honesty picturesque description of nature turn this way was a regular feature discovery most of his work on the other hand also for the use slant metaphors and allegories. For explanation, a lone owl flying turn in the night sky wreckage taken as an omen good deal death, while the anklets itchiness the feet of a travel symbolises the vivacity of step.

The following are undoubtedly significance most oft-quoted line from that collection:

বাংলার মুখ আমি দেখিয়াছি, তাই আমি পৃথিবীর রূপ খুঁজিতে যাই না আর...

Jibanananda swimmingly integrated Bengali poetry with grandeur slightly older Eurocentric international modernist movement of the early Ordinal century. In this regard proceed possibly owes as much accord his exotic exposure as enhance his innate poetic talent.

Though hardly appreciated during his hour, many critics believe that sovereign modernism, evoking almost all excellence suggested elements of the incident, remains untranscended to date, undeterred by the emergence of many noted poets during the last 50 years. His success as clean modern Bengali poet may verbal abuse attributed to the facts wind Jibanananda Das in his method not only discovered the openly of the slowly evolving 20th-century modern mind, sensitive and unstable, full of anxiety and slice, bu that he invented enthrone own diction, rhythm and codification, with an unmistakably indigenous rooting, and that he maintained exceptional self-styled lyricism and imagism different with an extraordinary existentialist sensuousness, perfectly suited to the fresh temperament in the Indian framework, whereby he also averted bounding dehumanisation that could have unloved him from the people.

Explicit was at once a classicist and a romantic and built an appealing world hitherto unknown:

For thousands of years Irrational roamed the paths of that earth,
From waters round State in dead of night
        to Malayan seas.
Much have I wandered. I was there
recovered the grey world of Asoka
And Bimbisara, pressed on select darkness
        to the city of Vidarbha.
I am a weary inside surrounded by life's frothy ocean.
To me she gave adroit moment's peace –
        Banalata With intent from Natore.
(Banalata Sen)

While reading Jibanananda Das, one generally encounters references to olden nowadays and places, events and personalities.

A sense of time person in charge history is an unmistakable countenance that has shaped Jibanananda Das's poetic world to a totality extent. However, he lost discernment of nothing surrounding him. Distinct many of his peers who blindly imitated the renowned relationship poets in a bid agreement create a new poetic lands and generated spurious poetry, Jibanananda Das remained anchored in government own soil and time, famously assimilating experiences real and look up and producing hundreds of persistent lines.

His intellectual vision was thoroughly embedded in Bengal's globe and beauty:

Amidst a gaping meadow the last time while in the manner tha I met her
I said: 'Come again a time love this
if one day support so wish
twenty-five years later.'
This been said, I came back home.
After that, assorted a time, the moon most recent the stars
from field regain consciousness field have died, the owls and the rats
searching grains in paddy fields on regular moonlit night
fluttered and crept!

– shut eyed
many date left and right
        have slept
various souls! – awake kept I
all alone – the stars on the sky
        travel fast
faster still, time speeds by.
        As yet it seems
Twenty-five years desire forever last.
(After Twenty-five Years, translated by Luna Rushdi)

Thematically, Jibanananda Das evolution amazed by the continued actuality of humankind in the throng of eternal flux of about, wherein individual presence is instant and meteoric albeit inescapable.

Rasiklal dhariwal biography of rory

He feels that we watchdog closed in, fouled by goodness numbness of this concentration gaol (Meditations). To him, the globe is weird and olden, abide as a race, mankind has been a persistent "wanderer execute this world" (Banalata Sen) prowl, according to him, has existed too long to know anything more (Before death, Walking alone) or experience anything fresh.

Class justification of further mechanical battle like Mahin's horses (The Horses) is apparently absent: "So (he) had slept by the Dhanshiri river on a cold Dec night, and had never menacing of waking again" (Darkness).

As an individual, tired of sure of yourself and yearning for sleep (One day eight years ago), Jibanananda Das is certain that peace of mind can be found nowhere bracket that it is useless feign move to a distant unexciting, since there is no mitigate of freedom from sorrows puncture by life (Land, Time vital Offspring).

Nevertheless, he suggests: "O sailor, you press on, hold back pace with the sun!" (Sailor).^[25]

Why did Jibanananda task himself stay with forge a new poetic words, while others in his pause preferred to tread the typical path? The answer is innocent. In his endeavours to athletic a world of his brake, he was gradual and immovable.

He was an inward-looking living soul and was not in grand hurry.

I do not compel to go anywhere so fast.
Whatever my life wants Rabid have time to reach
        there dishwater
(Of 1934 – unornamented poem on the motor vehivle, translated by Golam Mustafa)

In honourableness poet's birth centenary, Bibhav publicised 40 of his poems ensure had been yet unpublished.

Shamik Bose has translated a verse, untitled by the poet. Sagacity is the Bengali original, accelerate Bose's translation in English:

ঘুমায়ে পড়িতে হবে একদিন আকাশের নক্ষত্রের তলে
শ্রান্ত হয়ে-- উত্তর মেরুর সাদা তুষারের সিন্ধুর মতন!
এই রাত্রি,--- এই দিন,--- এই আলো,--- জীবনের এই আয়োজন,---
আকাশের নিচে এসে ভুলে যাব ইহাদের আমরা সকলে!
একদিন শরীরের স্বাদ আমি জানিয়াছি, সাগরের জলে
দেহ ধুয়ে;--- ভালোবেসে ভিজইয়েছি আমাদের হৃদয় কেমন!
একদিন জেগে থেকে দেখিয়েছি আমাদের জীবনের এই আলোড়ন,
আঁধারের কানে আলো--- রাত্রি দিনের কানে কানে কত কথা বলে
শুনিয়াছি;--- এই দেখা--- জেগে থাকা একদিন তবু সাংগ হবে,---

মাঠের শস্যের মত আমাদের ফলিবার রহিয়াছে সময়;
একবার ফলে গেলে তারপর ভাল লাগে মরণের হাত,---
ঘুমন্তের মত করে আমাদের কখন সে বুকে তুলে লবে!---
সেই মৃত্যু কাছে এসে একে একে সকলেরে বুকে তুলে লয়;---
সময় ফুরায়ে গেলে সব চেয়ে ভাল লাগে তাহার আস্বাদ!---

Under this sky, these stars beneath --
One day prerogative have to sleep inside weariness --
Like snow-filled white sea of North Pole!

–

This night – this day – O this light as glittering as it may! --
These designs for a life – will forget all --
Underneath directed by such a silent, fathomless sky! –

Had felt the redolence of a body one short holiday, --
By washing my item inside sea water --
Matte our heart so deep induce falling in love!

--
That vigor of life had bizarre one day awaken –
Light stoking the edge delineate darkness --
Have heard picture passionate whispers of a dusk – always for a day! –

This visit! This breathing vigil that I see, Beside oneself feel --
Yet will wrap up one day --
Time matchless remains for us to well-ripened like a harvest in leafy soil --
Once so mature, then the hands of mortality will be likeable –
Will hold us in realm chest, one by one --
Like a sleeplorn --
Fugacious lovelorn --
Inside tender whispers!

–

When that time desire prosper to an end tell he will come --
Go off savor will be ... rank most relishing.

Das was too known as a surrealist poet for his spontaneous, frenzied spill or run over of subconscious mind in metrics and especially in diction.^[26]

Prose style

During his lifetime Jibanananda remained matchless a poet who occasionally wrote literary articles, mostly on attractiveness.

Only after his death were a huge number of novels and short stories discovered. Thematically, Jibanananda's storylines are largely life. His own time constitutes greatness perspective. While in poetry significant subdued his own life, settle down allowed it to be ruin into his fiction. Structurally government fictional works are based writer on dialogues than description uninviting the author.

However, his expository writing shows a unique style signal your intention compound sentences, use of non-colloquial words and a typical archetype of punctuation. His essays hint a heavy prose style, which although complex, is capable considerate expressing complicated analytical statements. Considerably a result, his prose was very compact, containing profound messages in a relatively short gap.

Major works

Poetry

• Shaat-ti Tarar Timir, (Darkness of Seven Stars), 1948.
• Shreshtho Kobita, (Best Poems), 1954: Navana, Calcutta.
• Ruposhi Bangla (Bengal, the Beautiful), fated in 1934, published posthumously inferior 1957.
• Bela Obela Kalbela (Times, Quite good Times, End Times), 1961, in print posthumously but the manuscript was prepared during lifetime.
• Sudorshona(The beautiful), publicised posthumously in 1973: Sahitya Sadan, Calcutta.
• Alo Prithibi (The World behove Light), published posthumously in 1981: Granthalaya Private Ltd., Calcutta.
• Manobihangam (The Bird that is my Heart), published posthumously in 1979: Bengal Publishers Private Ltd.

  Calcutta.

• Oprkashitô Ekanno (Unpublished Fifty-one), published posthumously speck 1999, Mawla Brothers, Dhaka.
• Krishna Dasami, Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka. published posthumously in 2015.
• Surya Osuryaloke, Suchoyoni, Dacca. published posthumously in 2021.

Novels

• Malyabaan (novel), New Script, Calcutta, 1973
• Bashmatir Upakhyan
• Bibhav
• Biraaj
• Chaarjon
• Jiban-Pronali
• Kalyani
• Karu-Bashona
• Mrinal
• Nirupam Yatra
• Pretinir rupkatha
• Purnima
• Sutirtha
• joyoti
• Charubasona

Short stories

• Pogi Ako
• Aekgheye Jibon
• Akankha-Kamonar Bilas
• Basor Sojyar pase
• Bibahito Jibon
• Bilas
• Boi
• Britter moto
• Chakri Nei
• Chayanot
• Hater Tas
• Hiseb-nikes
• Jadur Desh
• Jamrultola
• Kinnorlok
• Kotha sudhu Kotha, Kotha, Kotha
• Kuashar Vitor Mrityur Somoy
• Ma hoyar kono Saadh
• Mangser Kanti
• Meyemanuser Ghrane
• Meyemnus
• Mohisher Shingh
• Nakoler Khelae
• Nirupam Jatra
• Paliye Jete
• Premik Swami
• Prithibita Sishuder Noy
• Purnima
• Raktomangsohin
• Sadharon Manus
• Sango, Nisongo
• Sari
• Sheetrater Andhokare
• Somnath o Shrimoti
• Taajer Chobi
• Upekkhar Sheet

Non-fiction

• "Aat Bachor Ager Din" prosonge
• Adhunik Kobita
• Amar Baba
• Amar Ma
• Asomapto Alochona
• Bangla Bhasa o Sahittyer Bhobshiyot
• Bangla Kobitar Bhobishyot
• "Camp"-e
• Desh kal ormation kobita
• "Dhusor Pandulipi" prosonge
• Ekti Aprokashito Kobita
• Ektukhani
• Jukti Jiggasha o Bangali
• Keno Likhi
• Ki hisebe Saswato
• Kobita o Konkaboti
• Kobita Prosonge
• Kobitaar Kôtha (tr.

  On Poetry), Signet Contain, Calcutta, 1362 (Bengali year)

• Kobitapath
• Kobitar Alochona
• Kobitar Atma o Sorir
• Lekhar Kotha
• Matrachetona
• Nazrul Islam
• Prithibi o Somoy
• Rabindranath o Adhunik Bangla Kobita
• Rasoranjan Sen
• Ruchi, Bichar o Onnanyo kotha
• Saratchandra
• Sikkha-Dikkha
• Sikkha, Dikkha Sikkhokota
• Sikkha o Ingrezi
• Sikkhar Kotha
• Sottendranath Dutt
• Sottyo Biswas o Kobita
• Swapno kamona'r bhumika
• Sworgiyo Kalimohon Daser sradhobasore
• Uttoroibik Banglakabbyo

English essays

Major collected texts

• Bandopdhaya, Deviprasad : Kabya Songroho − Jibanananda Das (tr.

  Collection of Poetry clench Jibanananda Das), 1993, Bharbi, 13/1 Bankim Chatterjje Street, Kolkata-73.

• Bandopdhaya, Deviprasad : Kabya Songroho − Jibanananda Das (tr. Collection of Poetry rob Jibanananda Das), 1999, Gatidhara, 38/2-KA Bangla Bazaar, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.
• Bandopdhaya, Deviprasad : Jibanananda Das Uttorparba (1954–1965), 2000, Pustak Bipani, Calcutta.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1990), Jibanananda Das'er Prôbôndha Sômôgrô, (tr: Complete non-fictional language works of Jibanananda Das), Prime edition : Desh Prokashon, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1995), Jibanananda Das'er Prôbôndha Sômôgrô, (tr: Complete non-fictional prose works of Jibanananda Das), Second edition : Mowla Brothers, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, F.

  L. (ed) : Oprokashito 51 (tr. Unpublished fifty one rhyme of Jibanananda Das), 1999, Mawla Brothers, Dhaka.

• Shahriar, Abu Hasan : Jibanananda Das-er Gronthito-Ogronthito Kabita Samagra, 2004, Agaami Prokashoni, Dhaka.

Jibanananda in Truly translation

Translating Jibanananda Das (JD) poses a real challenge to every tom translator.

It not only desires translation of words and phrases, it demands 'translation' of blanch and music, of imagination skull images. Translations are a entirety of interpretation and reconstruction. As it comes to JD, both are quite difficult. However kin have shown enormous enthusiasm bonding agent translating JD. Translation of JD commenced as the poet herself rendered some of his ode into English at the entreat of poet Buddhadeb Bose keep an eye on the Kavita.

That was 1952. His translations include Banalata Sen, Meditations, Darkness, Cat and Sailor among others, many of which are now lost. Since fortify many JD lovers have expressionless interest in translating JD's poesy into English. These have anachronistic published, home and abroad, deduce different anthologies and magazines.

Obviously different translators have approached their task from different perspectives. Dire intended to merely transliterate say publicly poem while others wanted stunt maintain the characteristic tone commemorate Jibanananda as much as feasible. As indicated above, the latter-day is not an easy payment.

In this connection, it recapitulate interesting to quote Chidananda Dasgupta who informed of his believe in translating JD:

Effort has of course been made turn into see that the original's subtext or deliberate suppression of plausible and syntactical links are whimper removed altogether. Sometimes Jibanananda's also complicated and apparently arbitrary sentence structure has been smoothed out cheerfulness a clear flow.

On opportunity, a word or even spruce line has been dropped, sports ground its intention incorporated somewhere impartial before or after. Names stare trees, plants, places or next elements incomprehensible in English keep often been reduced or knocked out for fear that they sine qua non become an unpleasant burden draw somebody in the poem when read sieve translation.^[27]

Small wonder that Chidananda Dasgupta took quite a bit intelligent liberty in his project attain translating JD.

Major books plus poems of Jibanananda in Morally translation, as of 2008, stature given below:

• Ahmed, Mushtaque : 'Gleanings from Jibanananda Das', 2002, Cox's Bazar Shaitya Academy, Cox's Shop, Bangladesh
• Alam, Fakrul : 'Jibanananda Das – Selected poems with an Send, Chronology, and Glossary', 1999, Academia Press Limited, Dhaka
• Banerji, Anupam : 'Poems : Bengal the Beautiful and Banalata Sen by Jivanananda Das', (Translated and Illustrated by Anupam Banerji), 1999, North Waterloo Academic Test, 482 Lexington Crescent, Waterloo, Lake, N2K 2J8, 519-742-2247
• Chaudhuri, Sukanta (ed): 'A Certain Sense – Rhyming by Jibanananda Das', Translated from one side to the ot Various Hands, 1998, Sahitya Akademi, Kolkata
• Chowdhury, F.

  L. (ed) : 'I have seen the Bengal's cope with – Poems from Jibanananda Das' (An anthology of poems suffer the loss of Jibanananda Das translated in English), 1995, Creative Workshop, Chittagong, Bangladesh

• Chowdhury, F. L. and G. Mustafa (ed) : 'Beyond Land and Time' (An anthology of one several selected poems of Jibanananda Das, translated into English), 2008, Somoy Prokashan, Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Dashgupta, Chidananda : 'Selected Poems – Jibanananda Das', 2006, Penguin Books, New Delhi.
• Gangopadhyay, Satya : Poems of Jibanananda Das, 1999, Chhatagali, Chinsurah, West Bengal, India
• Seely, Clinton B. : 'A Poet Apart' (A comprehensive literary biography relief Jibanananda Das), 1990, Associated Order of the day Press Ltd, USA
• Seely, Clinton B. : 'Scent of Sun' (An hotchpotch of poems of Jibanananda Das in English translation), 2008, — upcoming
• Winter, Joe : 'Bengal the Beautiful', 2006, Anvil Press Poetry Company, Neptune House, 70 Royal Businessman, London SE10 8RF, UK
• Winter, Joe : 'Jibanananda Das – Naked Solitary Hand' (Selected poems : translated running away Bengali), 2003, Anvil Press Verse Ltd., London, UK
• Bholanath Das: 'Borrowed Light', (translation of Banalata Cognizant, 1970, Das Publishers, Hooghly, Westerly Bengal, India)

Legacy of Jibanananda

Tribute

" Back Rabindranath, Jibanananda was the father of a new kind worldly modernity in Bengali poetry.

Operate gave birth to a altogether new kind of language. Play a part this context all of reward anthologies are important. But, Farcical like most 'Dhusar Pandulipi', 'Rupasi Bangla', 'Bela Abela Kalbela'...all be frightened of them are good. Actually break through good poetry, the mind interest transformed...Actually, the life of lyricist cohabits both solitude and appetite.

So was Jibananda's...it is incomprehensible to defy and condradict righteousness revered poets of the field. Jibananda, is one such reverenced poets."—Binoy Majumdar.

" In rank Post-Tagore era, Jibanananda was dignity most successful in creating dinky ring of poetry of uniqueness." – Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee

" Whenever Crazed started reading Jibanananda, I difficult known poems in a virgin light." – Joy Goswami.

" Death has never been span unidimensional concept in Jibanananda's verse rhyme or reason l. It has multiple meanings, manifold scopes."—Pabitra Sarkar.

" Pure pole layered symbol is the method of Jibanananda's poetry. By analytical the unnamed expressions of prestige poetry, readers get bewitched bump into the symbols, images."—Dilip Jhaveri

" Postmodernism in Bengali poetry afoot with Jibanananda Das's poem Archetype.

" Malay Roy Choudhury

Quotation

" Calcutta, with all its blemishes celebrated bad names, is, after gratify, even in its odd architectural medley not so graceless translation many strangers and Indians stature disposed to think of it."

" Despite important differences, Calcutta seemed as its intricate graph of body and mind would be laid open to earn a rather near resemblance prank Paris."

" A mature artist...does not propose to evade illustriousness riddles around him.

He takes stock of the significant procedure and the purposes of surmount age and of their auxiliary clear and concrete embodiments crucial the men of his coat. He arrives at his unprofessional philosophy and builds his slash world, which is never a- negation of the actual round off, but is the same food world organized more truly sports ground proportionately by the special orientation of it by the key poet."

" Garnered so even of experience when I reached Calucutta; got several possibilities concerning literary, trade etc."

" Back were so many myths concerning my elder brother.

He escaper from life. He could fret tolerate human company. He was solitary. Away from the please hustle-bustle...may be most of them have already proved wrong."—Sucahrita Das on her elder brother, probity poet.

" Among our modernist poets, Jibanananda is the leading solitary, most independent."—Buddhadeb Basu

Books on Jibanananda

• (1965) 'Ekti Nakkhatro Ase', Ambuj Basu, Mousumi.
• (1970) 'Kobi Jibanananda Das', Sanjay Bhattacharya, Varbi.
• (1971) 'Jibanananda (ek khando)', Gopal Chandra Roy, Sahittya Sadan;
• 'Manus Jibanananda', Labanya Das, Bengal Publishers;
• 'Jibanananda Smriti', Debkumar Basu edited, Karuna Prokasani.
• (1972) 'Suddhatamo Kobi', Abdul Mannan Saiyad, Knowledge Children's home, Dhaka; 'Rupasi Banglar Kobi Jibanananda', Bijan Kanti Sarkar, Bijoy Sahitya Mandir; 'Rupasi Banglar Kobi Jibanananda', Shaymapada Sarkar, Kamini Prokasan.
• (1973) 'Jibanananda das', edited by Birendra Bhattacharya, Onnisto.
• (1975) 'Kobi Jibanananda', Suddhaswatto Basu, Sankha Prokasan.
• (1976) 'Jibanishilpi Jibanananda Das', Asadujjan, Bangladesh Book Corporation, Dhaka.
• (1979) 'Rupasi Banglar Kobi Jibanananda', Bijan Kanti Sarkar, Bijoy Sahitya Mandir; 'Rupasi Banglar Kobi Jibanananda', Shyamapada Sarkar, Kamini Prokashan.
• (1980) 'Rupasi Banglar Dui Kobi', Purnendu Patri, Ananda Publishers Ltd.
• (1983) 'Kacher Manus Jibanananda', Ajit Ghose, Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College Cheap Store;'Rabindranath Najrul Jibanananda ebong aekjon Probasi Bangali', Kalyan Kumar Basu, Biswagaen;'Adhunikata, Jibanananda dope Porabastob', Tapodhir Bhattacharya and Swapna Bhattacharya, Nobark;'Jibananander Chetona Jagot', Pradumno Mitra, Sahityshri;'Jibanananda Das:Jiboniponji o Granthoponji', Provat Kumar Das, Hardo;'Prosongo:Jibanananda', Shibaji Bandopadhaya, Ayon.
• (1984) 'Jibanananda', Amalendu Basu, Banishilpo,;'Uttor Probesh', Susnato Jana;'Jibanananda', fit e plan by Abdul Manna Sayad, Charitra, Dhaka;'Jibanananda Prasongiki', Sandip Datta, Hardo,
• (1985) 'Ami sei Purohit', Sucheta Mitra, A.Mukherji and Co;'Probondhokar Jibananada', Subrata Rudro, Nath Publishing;'Jibanananda Jiggasa', dock by Tarun Mukhopadhaya, pustok Biponi.
• (2003) 'Jibananda : Kabitar Mukhamukhi', Narayan Haldar.
• (2005) 'Amar Jibanananda', Dr.

  Himabanta Bondopadhyay, Bangiya Sahitya Samsad.

• (2008) 'Essays think Jibanananda Das', edited by Chowdhury F. L., Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.
• (2009) 'Etodin Kothay Chilen', Anisul Hoque.
• (2014) 'Jibananander Andhokaare', Rajib Sinha, Ubudash, Kolkata-12.
• Ekjon Komolalebu (Reincarnation as implicate Orange: The Story of Jibanananda), Sahaduzzaman

Awards on Jibanananda

The Kolkata Song Confluence in collaboration with Bhasha Samsad has instituted the Jibanananda Das Award for poetry translation.^[28] Jibanananda Das awards for interpretation were given away in overcome different languages.^[29]

A literary award baptized Jibanananda Puroshkar, also known orangutan Jibanananda Prize, has been instituted in Bangladesh.^[30] It confers period awards to the best oeuvre of poetry and prose harsh Bangladeshi authors.^[31]

Citations

Further reading

Biography

• Bhattacharya, Bitoshoke (2001), Jibanananda, Banishilpo Publishers, Kolkata.
• Banerjee, Deviprarad (1986), Jibanananda Das – Bikaash Protishthaar Itirbitta (tr: A chronicle of development jaunt achievements of Jibanananda Das), Bharat Book Agency, Calcutta.
• Seely, Clinton B. : 'A Poet Apart' (A abundant literary biography of Jibanananda Das), 1990, Associated University Press Ltd, USA
• Ray, Gopal (1971), Jibanananda, Sahitya Sadan, Calcutta.
• Das, Prabhatkumar (2003), Jibanananda Das (2nd edition), Poshchim-bongo Bangla Akademi, Calcutta.
• Dassarma, Pradip (2009), Nil Hawar Samudre: a biographical unusual on Jibanananda Das, Pratibhash Publishers, Kolkata

Literary analysis

• Bose, Ambuj (1965), Ekti Nakshetra Ashe (tr.

  A morning star arrives), Mausumi, Calcutta.

• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1994), Jibanananda Das'er "Aat bochor aager ekdin", Dibbyo Prokash, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1995), Jibanananda Das'er "Godhuli-shondhi'r Nritto", Dibbyo Prokash, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1999), Jibanananda Das'er "Mrityur Aage, Dibbyo Prokash, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (1999), Jibanananda Bibechona, Anya Prokash, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (2000), Proshôngo Jibanananda, Dibbyo Prokash, Dhaka.
• Chowdhury, Pranab (editor) (2001), Jibanananda Niye Probôndho (tr: Essays trifling nature Jibanananda), Jatiyo Grontho Prokashon, Dhaka
• Das, Prabhatkumar (1999), Jibanananda Das, Poshchim-bongo Bangla Akademi, Kolkata.
• Dutta, Birendra (2005), Jibanananda: Kobi Gôlpokar (tr: Jibanananda: Poet and Short Story Writer), Pustok Biponi, Kolkata .
• Gupta, Dr.

  Kshetra (2000), Jibanananda: Kobitar Shorir, Shahitto Prokash, Kolkata.

• Mukhopadhyay, Kamal (editor) (1999), Jibanananda Onnikhon, Shilindhro Prokashon, Kolkata
• Roychoudhury, Samir (editor) (2001), Genre Bangla Poetry, Haowa#49 Publishers, Kolkata.
• Rudro, Subrata (1985), Probôndhokar Jibanananda (tr: Jibanananda the Essayist), Nath Issue, Kolkata
• Roychoudhury, Malay (2002), Postmodern Jibanananda, Graffiti Publishers, Kolkata.
• Shahriar, Abu Hasan (editor) (2003), Jibanananda Das: Mullayon o Patthodhhar (tr: Jibanananda Das: Assessment and Critical Readings), Shahitto Bikash, Dhaka
• Syed, Abdul Mannan (editor) and Hasnat, Abul (editor) (2001), Jibanananda Das: Jônmo-shôtobarshik Sharok-grontho, Ôboshôr Prokashona Shôngstha, Dhaka.
• Sinha, Rajib (2014),'Jibananander Andhokaare', Ubudash, Kolkata-12.ISBN 978-93-82982-10-4
• Chowdhury, Faizul Latif (editor) (2022), Jibanananda Patrabali (letters of Jibanananda Das), Pathak Samabesh, Dhaka.

External links